This chapter provides an overview of European competition law and its application in digital markets. It begins with an introductory chapter by outlining the objectives and the historical context. It also describes the scope of application of European competition law. This chapter then introduces Article 101 TFEU and outlines its role in addressing anti-competitive agreements. With regard to Article 102 TFEU, market definition is addressed. An overview of cases of abuse of market dominance is provided. Afterwards, European merger control is presented. The chapter ends with presenting the enforcement structure. Throughout the whole chapter, particular attention is given to digital markets. Recent developments and challenges are addressed.