Clarifying the extent and direction of intellectual influence in the case of John Stuart Mill, a contemporary of Tocqueville who was almost the same age, is a more complicated undertaking. In a direct manner, probably neither of them significantly influenced the other (Pappé 1964, Buchstein/Hummel 2016). On the other hand, it is quite noticeable how much both of them, at least temporarily, dealt with the same questions of modern democracy (Hidalgo 2011) and, as a result, both represented an aristocratic-elitist liberalism.