Traditionally, biological psychology, which as a basic discipline deals with the biological foundations of human behavior and experience, and the often more applied field of work and organizational psychology, have had little overlap. However, this has changed in recent years, and an increasing number of scientific studies in the field of work and organizational psychology are being published that employ biopsychological methods or measure biomarkers. This is also due to the growing recognition that biomarkers, especially in research on stress-related mental disorders and psychological consequences of stress, can provide important insights. This essential therefore aims to provide an overview of the multidisciplinary field of research and application in biological work and organizational psychology.