A review of the current state of knowledge regarding the still relatively young discipline of Public Health in Germany reveals that, alongside successes, there have also been disappointments—particularly concerning the acceptance of this multidisciplinary field within the academic landscape and its emancipation from medicine. In addition, numerous structural, methodological, and science policy questions remain unanswered. Nevertheless, expectations for the discipline are high. Solutions must be developed to address new and growing societal needs. This article examines current requirements and developments, and explores the further establishment of Public Health in Germany. This is done in the context of a long-demanded but not yet noticeably implemented paradigm shift in the German healthcare system towards greater health promotion, prevention, and new models of cooperation with forward-looking task profiles among health professions. In particular, in light of experiences from the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential of digitalization, two significant developments are considered in more detail—the newly emerging professional role of Community Health Nursing in Germany and the associated field of action, Digital Public Health.