Disciplinarity expresses both the internal organization of academic fields and their external relationships with one another, which can be described along a spectrum from (mono-)disciplinarity to transdisciplinarity. However, the conceptual understanding is not unambiguous. Inter- and transdisciplinarity can initially be understood both as a research methodological approach and as a concept in academic teaching. A differing perspective regards transdisciplinarity as a scientific competence of a discipline, namely the ability to explicate the boundaries and content of one’s own discipline in relation to others. Finally, transdisciplinarity can be understood as a new, permanent scientific structure focused on a cross-disciplinary approach to problem-solving. In this sense, chronic care is to be discussed as a transdiscipline.