Since humans began to reflect on the world, they have shaped their worldview from the intellectual elements available to them in their particular time and culture. Major upheavals and uncertainties—periods of crisis marked by a loss of orientation and a sense of unpredictability regarding one’s own circumstances—have always been accompanied by profound anxieties. This chapter examines how worldviews are formed and the significance they hold for the production of anxieties. The focus is particularly on those anxieties that intensify in situations of ambiguity, during times of transition, and when orientation in the world becomes difficult. It is precisely these orientation-related anxieties that are addressed by new offers of meaning: in various ideological systems, religions, worldviews, and also in narratives such as the so-called conspiracy theories.