Music has accompanied and shaped human cultural evolution for thousands of years. It is part of our everyday affairs across the entire lifespan. Music eludes any attempt at definition, as it exists only in our minds, memories, and feelings, and in social experiences and interactions. It encompasses a wide range of behaviors such as singing, playing instruments, dancing, composing, improvising, and much more. All these behaviors interact with our well-being and our health. The chapters of this volume examine implications of this basic idea from a wide range of perspectives. It turns out that the medical significance of music extends far beyond specific psychotherapeutic treatment, as laid out in music therapy. Instead, the expertise of the authors provides deep insights into how music-related knowledge can be helpful for prevention, therapy, and rehabilitation, thus exhibiting its potential for evidence-based clinical practice and health policy. Finally, they remind us about the importance of cultural capital as a health resource, in general, and the benefits that arise from the power of music, in particular.