In the German language, the term “digitalization” is first understood to refer to the conversion of analogue work processes into electronic ones. In this chapter, however, digitalization does not mean the differentiation from analog, but rather the targeted use of digital information to optimize surgical concepts and processes. In this chapter, artificial intelligence and machine learning are discussed alongside “surgical data science”; if this development is taken further, so-called “surgical data flows” will play a very important role in the future. From today’s perspective, there are many unanswered questions, especially regarding data protection. The future remains fascinating and exciting; robotics is just the beginning.