Chronic postoperative pain is defined as pain that persists for more than 3 months after hernia repair. This chapter explains the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain after inguinal hernia repair (Chronic Postoperative Inguinal Pain, CPIP) as well as after incisional hernia repair. Aetiologically, neuropathic pain can be distinguished from nociceptive pain. The diagnosis is made through a detailed medical history and careful clinical examination, as well as through probatory infiltration. In addition to basic analgesia, pain modulators and nerve blocks, mesh resections and triple neurectomies are available as final treatment options in selected cases. In these often complex situations, early, multimodal and interdisciplinary management with the involvement of the surgeon and pain team is preferable.