Internal hernias are rare and often difficult to diagnose. They can be classified as primary or secondary, depending on whether the patient has undergone previous abdominal surgery. Most cases present symptoms typical of intestinal obstruction, such as ileus and acute abdomen, though chronic recurrent abdominal pain may also occur. Approximately 5% of patients with small bowel ileus have an internal hernia as the cause. Martin et al. (AJR Am J Roentgenol 186:703–717, 2006) provide a comprehensive overview of CT diagnosis for internal hernias. This chapter discusses the main types of primary and secondary internal hernias, their anatomy, diagnosis, and strategies for their robotic-assisted treatment.