Incisional hernias frequently occur following surgeries involving intra-abdominal contamination such as peritonitis or revision surgery. They constitute a significant complication, affecting over 80% of patients despite primary abdominal wall closure using slowly absorbable sutures, which remains the prevailing approach. An alternative method involves primary mesh implantation, necessitating consideration of both patient-specific and general factors. Of particular importance is the selection of mesh material, given substantial variations in infection resistance among different types. This section reviews experiences and current data, aiming to guide optimal patient care choices in this context.