Pain medicine and therapy sciences have gained significant insights into the mechanisms of pain onset and relief over the past decades. These advances lead to concrete recommendations for clinical practice in the examination and treatment of pain patients. It is of high relevance to consider both the external evidence and the individual patient situation in the history taking, clinical examination, and therapy. The goal should be to comprehensively understand the affected person and their complaints, including relevant bio-psycho-social factors and drivers. Instead of focusing solely on the search for specific pain causes, it may be more advisable to precisely analyze the current state, include the context factors, and develop a therapy approach based on this, which does not necessarily have to derive from the identification of a specific cause.