Africa is the second largest continent, spanning approximately 30 million square kilometers, characterized by its unique equidistant position from the equator and a largely exposed ancient Precambrian geological basement. Topographically divided into a lower nort/west (Low Africa) and a elevated south/east (High Africa). The typical zonal macro-structure of Africa is determined not only by height-area distribution characteristics, but also by climatic factors. Humidity and aridity allow a distinstion between Wet Africa and Dry Africa. The continent exhibits symmetrical climate zones extending from the wet equatorial belt to dry subtropical regions, with Mediterranean climates only at its extreme edges.