Among the numerous constructional tasks which a building structure must fulfil to secure durable usability, special attention must be given to the basic task of load-bearing in the primary structure during the conception and subsequent design of a building. In contrast to other partial tasks, which are often fulfilled mainly at the component level and rarely have an effect on the overall design, the design of the load-bearing structure has a dominant influence on the overall building concept and the architectural appearance on the hierarchical level of the complete building. For this reason, the considerations set out in Volume 1 on the force-conducting behaviour of an individual component will be pursued in this chapter at a higher hierarchical level in the context of the primary load-bearing structure, or some of its relevant basic modules. If individual elements as described in Chap. 26, this is done in this case—unlike in Volume 1—specifically contemplating their use as components of a primary load-bearing structure of a building and taking into account their position in relation to the plumbline—as, for example, as load-bearing walls or floors.