Posthumanism has established itself as a theoretical paradigm in large parts of academia, popular culture and the media. However, it is often seen as a techno-euphoric and largely speculative set of ideas about human enhancement and technology-driven evolution (all scenarios that are strictly speaking transhumanist). In opposition to this, critical posthumanism, which comes in a variety of forms, styles and positions, understands the posthuman not as the technological successor to the human, but as a politically contested figure that can be used strategically to question both the anthropocentrism of (liberal) humanism and the dehumanising, unsustainable and nihilistic drift of neoliberal technoscientific capitalism. Its aim is to replace a human-centred with a postanthropocentric worldview that extends the notion of social (and ecological) justice to nonhumans and their environments, and to the planet as a whole by regarding them as irreducibly entangled. Aware of humanism’s eurocentric, colonial and exclusionary legacies, critical posthumanism nevertheless also recognizes humanism’s undeniable achievements worthy of preservation and extension.