The fifth chapter guides you through the specialized world of disease-associated medical exercise therapy, a central area that bridges the gap between medical treatment and physical rehabilitation. It provides detailed insights into the application of targeted exercises for the treatment and alleviation of complaints associated with a variety of musculoskeletal diseases. From the pelvis to the wrist, each region of the body is carefully examined, with specific diseases and the most effective training approaches for improving functionality and reducing pain being presented. This chapter illustrates how individually tailored exercise therapies can significantly improve the quality of life for those affected. The section on the pelvic/hip joint area covers common diseases such as coxarthrosis, femoroacetabular impingement, and hip dysplasia, and shows how targeted movements and strengthening exercises can lead to better mobility and fewer complaints. In the area of the knee joint, readers are familiarized with the challenges of gonarthrosis, patellofemoral pain syndrome, and cruciate ligament ruptures. Each condition is addressed with an individual exercise program aimed at restoring the stability and function of the knee. The chapter continues to the examination of the lower leg and foot, including the treatment of ankle instability, Achilles tendonitis, and foot deformities. It is shown how adapted therapies can not only alleviate symptoms but also address the causes of the problems. Another focus is on the area of the lumbar spine, where conditions such as lumbar radiculopathy, low back pain, and spondylolisthesis are treated. The importance of exercises to strengthen the core muscles and improve posture is emphasized in order to effectively combat back pain. The sections on the thoracic and cervical spine as well as the shoulder girdle and elbow joint provide valuable insights into dealing with specific diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, scoliosis, glenohumeral instability, and impingement syndrome. In conclusion, the wrist area is addressed, where the focus is on carpal tunnel syndrome. Proven exercises are presented that can help alleviate symptoms and improve hand function. This comprehensive chapter is an indispensable guide for all those involved in medical exercise therapy or interested in physical rehabilitation for specific diseases. It underscores the power of movement as medicine and offers practical, evidence-based strategies for promoting healing and well-being.