In the face of increasingly scarce resources, environmental conflicts over resources and their protection are playing an ever-increasing role (such as the fair distribution of water, measures to protect the climate, deforestation of the rainforest, or the balancing of economic interests and environmental protection interests between and within states). Even at the local level, conflicts in which the protection or endangerment of the natural environment are discussed are often vehemently contested (e.g., conflicts over the construction of a waste incineration plant, polluting industries and power plants, roads, railway lines or airports, or the protection of a local recreation area). This chapter takes a closer look at these conflicts and presents mediation as a way to resolve them sustainably and cooperatively. To this end, the goals and principles of environmental mediation are introduced and its process phases are illustrated using an example.