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From early times until the Middle Ages, scientific life was simple — there were 4 elements only. This was sufficient for the description of life and for most of the events occurring. For alchemists, though, especially for those who wanted to make gold but didn’t manage, this classification seemed at least questionable very early on. Finally, with the beginning of the industrial revolution, a general basic knowledge about the properties of substances and materials became more and more important, and slowly the realization grew that certain substances were obviously “elemental”.

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Late Nucleosynthesis and Supernovae

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Dieter Frekers,
  • Peter Biermann

摘要

From early times until the Middle Ages, scientific life was simple — there were 4 elements only. This was sufficient for the description of life and for most of the events occurring. For alchemists, though, especially for those who wanted to make gold but didn’t manage, this classification seemed at least questionable very early on. Finally, with the beginning of the industrial revolution, a general basic knowledge about the properties of substances and materials became more and more important, and slowly the realization grew that certain substances were obviously “elemental”.