Driven by the extreme increase in the performance of information technology (IT), the wave of digitalization is rolling towards us unstoppably and ever faster. For years, Moore’s Law has been synonymous with the ongoing massive increase in IT performance, describing a doubling of the performance of integrated circuits within a period of 12 months over 50 years ago. If the base technology remained unchanged, the law would no longer be valid. However, due to technological leaps, the principle of exponential growth in performance continues to exist. Therefore, this chapter highlights new technological paths in IT and the associated challenges. A look at the Technological Singularity rounds off the book section.