Technology comparisons of alternative manufacturing processes and process combinations for the technological and economical production of representatively selected components from aircraft engine building, tool engineering, medical engineering and toolmaking are presented in detail. For example, various EDM and ECM technologies and machining processes for the manufacture of aircraft engine components are presented in order to compare process performance factors. Reference components include a blisk (blade integrated disk) and a rotor disk with fir tree groove profiles. In addition, an introduction to the modeling of process signatures is given. It is assumed that each manufacturing process leaves a process-specific imprint of the properties in the surface rim zone of the manufactured component. In the process signature, the causal dependencies between load variables that act on the workpiece during machining and the resulting material modifications are modeled. It stands to reason that the same process signatures, generated with different manufacturing processes, guarantee the same surface rim zone and thus the same component functionality. The setup of process signatures is demonstrated using examples of energy dissipation in EDM processes and the design of cathode geometries for ECM.