The anatomist Tiedemann summarized in 1754, “Doctors without anatomy are like moles. They work in the dark, and their hands’ day’s work are mounds of earth.” This saying shows the importance of anatomy! It is a science for the study of the structure and organization of the organism and is above all the foundation of all medical practice. Secured knowledge and understanding of the structure of the human body create the prerequisite for recognizing, understanding, and ultimately treating changes that have arisen due to various circumstances and causes. In this regard, the operating ophthalmologist is particularly challenged to grasp the complicated and specific structures of the eye to ensure optimal treatment. Ultimately, it is about preserving or restoring function; in addition, the preservation of aesthetics in the face presents great challenges to the ophthalmic surgeon. Let us just look at the head of the ancient Egyptian queen Nefertiti, for example, to see the significant contributions the eyes make to facial morphology!