Adrenal Medulla

All relevant functional tests are explained with a detailed presentation of indications, contraindications, side effects, test preparation, framework conditions, specific instructions for the actual test execution, and the interpretation of test results. Specific normal ranges and cut-off values are always provided, even for special situations (gender, age, BMI, puberty phases, menstrual cycle phases, acute illnesses, medications, etc.). A special feature is the emphasis on test preparation, execution, and interpretation, as well as the interdisciplinary nature. The disease entity of pheochromocytoma is the focus of this chapter (catecholamines, normetanephrines, metanephrines) with reference to catecholamine metabolism and its dynamic testing, including the clonidine suppression test and glucagon stimulation test.