Parathyroid

All relevant functional tests are explained with a detailed presentation of indications, contraindications, side effects, test preparation, framework conditions, specific instructions for the actual test execution, and the interpretation of test results. Specific normal ranges and cut-off values are always provided, even for special situations (gender, age, BMI, puberty phases, menstrual cycle phases, acute illnesses, medications, etc.). A special feature is the emphasis on test preparation, execution, and interpretation, as well as the interdisciplinary nature. Parathyroid diagnostics are biochemically very demanding. In addition to the calcium and phosphate values in serum and urine, there is a detailed presentation on parathyroid hormone. The Casanova test and the Ellsworth-Howard test are explained. Both jugular vein catheterization and intraoperative PTH determination are of high practical importance, as is the assessment of surgical success based on national and international criteria.