Local elastic characterization of wood is understood in terms of elastic characteristics measured with acoustic microscopy at the level of fine anatomic structure of wood and in more details at the level of the cellular wall. Acoustic microscopy for imaging wood structure operates in the range of micron scale. On average, the appropriate frequency for acoustic microscopy is about 600 MHz and varies between 200 and 2000 MHz. The main innovative contribution of this technique is to determine the local elastic constants of wood tissue at a 1 μm scale, for each visualized cell wall layer. Photoacoustic is used to measure the features of the thermal properties of wood and to determine the characteristic absorption bands of softwoods and hardwoods in photoacoustic spectra.