Natural Substances as Starting Materials for Drug Synthesis

The chapter highlights the important role of natural substances in the development of modern pharmaceuticals. This is discussed using the examples of podophyllotoxin, shikimic acid, scopolamine, rubber, and squalene. The use of natural substances can lead to environmental and species protection issues, aspects of which are highlighted here. The chapter also discusses alternative production pathways such as biotechnology. Another focus is the challenge of producing pharmaceutical products sustainably and in an environmentally friendly manner. It is pointed out that most chemicals used in the production of pharmaceuticals are of fossil origin, which is both expensive and harmful to the environment. The development of new, more environmentally friendly synthesis methods using natural raw materials is seen as key to a more environmentally friendly pharmaceutical industry. The issue is discussed that certain plants and resources that could be used for pharmaceutical production are in conflict with food production, as is the case, for example, with the production of bioethanol. Overall, the chapter provides a detailed insight into the complexity and challenges of using natural substances in pharmacy and underlines the need for more sustainable practices in this area.