The essential terms for the book “Optimising Business Processes in Production and Supply Chain”, including optimisation, processes, and supply chain, are defined. Then the multidimensional optimisation of the supply chain is presented, and many possible starting points are shown. Different improvement approaches are discussed, and the essential concepts for process orientation in production and supply chain are presented, and the terms used are defined. Criteria that good processes should meet are postulated to optimise the processes. In addition to explaining the core terms used in this book, this chapter focuses on the optimisation possibilities for processes.