Female Genital Mutilation

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) occurs worldwide and, in the wake of migration flows, is also increasingly found in countries of the global North. There are four types of FGM, and mixed formscan also occur. FGM has enormous negative impacts on the physical and mental health of women and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. FGM can have significant effects on pregnancy and childbirth. The management of women with FGM type III during childbirth requires special knowledge of surgical therapy (de-infibulation). There is no indication for a cesarean section in women with FGM. The reconstruction of the clitoris and vulva represents further therapeutic options with the appropriate indication. Understanding the sociocultural backgrounds is essential in the prevention of FGM. FGM is a human rights violation and it is a global goal within the framework of the sustainable development goals to eliminate FGM by 2030.