Alternative fuels for environmentally friendly heating and working machines

When carbon is present in the structure of an energy carrier, whether it is fossil or renewable, every energy conversion, through combustion or any other chemical reaction, results in carbon dioxide (heat or electrical energy). However, the difference between fossil and renewable energy sources is the partial recycling of the carbon dioxide produced from renewable energy sources, because carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere during the photosynthetic plant nutrition cycle. In this context, ethanol from plants and biowaste has considerable potential for the future of combustion in ethanol-based engines for automobiles, construction machinery, tractors and ships. In addition to alcohols such as ethanol, methanol and dimethyl ether, these include biofuels such as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) or hydrogenated vegetable oils (HVO). Synthetic fuels open up further potential for use in heat engines. It is not the "combustion engine" that needs to be replaced, but what it has to burn!