Introduction

For Rudolf Carnap, Herbert Feigl, Kurt Gödel, and Friedrich Waismann, a steamboat trip along the Baltic coast marked the end of a long journey from Vienna to Königsberg. Joined in Swinemünde by two other scientists, Kurt Grelling, and Hans Hahn, all six disembarked on September 4, 1930 [14]. The objective of their trip was to participate in the 2nd Conference on Epistemology of the Exact Sciences, hosted by the Berlin Society for Empirical Philosophy in the East Prussian metropolis from September 5 to 7. On this late summer day, there was nothing to suggest that September 7, 1930, would later be remembered as the day that changed mathematics forever.