Determinism and Causality

In discussions of the problem of free will, one sooner or later comes to speak of determinism and the causal closure of the world. These are the central terms in this chapter. We furthermore introduce the distinction between how the world appears to us and how it really is, which is related to two different branches of philosophy. Physical experiments like the magnetic pendulum appear unpredictable to us, even though they are subject to deterministic laws. The double-slit experiment, central to quantum physics, is also discussed before we finally deal with causality in everyday life.