Spatial statistics is concerned with modeling and analysis of spatial data. By spatial data we mean data where, in addition to the (primary) phenomenon of interest the relative spatial locations of observations are recorded, too, because these may be important for the interpretation of data. This is of primary importance in earth-related sciences such as geography, geology, hydrology, ecology and environmental sciences, but also in other scientific disciplines concerned with spatial variations and patterns such as astrophysics, economics, agriculture, forestry, epidemiology and, at a microscopic scale, medical and health research.