Ranks
摘要
A common approach in nonparametric statistical method is to transform data to ranks. A ranking of n ordered observations { x 1 < x 2 <, …, < x n } will be a set of n ranks { r 1 <, …, < r n } where x i is represented by the rank r i in calculations. The rank sum is \(^1\!\!/\!_2n(n+1),\) and \(\displaystyle \sum {}{} {{r^2}} = \displaystyle \frac {{{n^3} - n}}{{12}}.\)