When constraints are removed from a many particle system entropy is produced. Entropy is the physical measure of disorder. Entropy production is coupled with emissions of particles and heat. Thus, these are inevitably part of industrial wealth creation. If they change the biosphere too much, they act as pollution. Entropy production also devalues the amounts of energy used in industrial production. They lose their ability to do work. Such a limitation on the value added per unit of energy makes a Nobel Prize winning economist fear the worst. In sum, the first two laws of thermodynamics, the conservation of energy and the increase of entropy, limit industrial economic growth within the biosphere. In addition to this hard constraint, “soft” constraints may also be necessary for sustainable development. These concern information flows, financial capital flows from developing to developed countries, and markets.