The previous chapters have developed, explored, and interpreted SPIN as a stage-based framework that captures how incivility unfolds across communicative stages. Drawing on comparative data from Brazil, Spain, and the United States—and from Facebook, Twitter, and Telegram—the model offers a layered understanding of how online political-discourse becomes amplified, interrupted, or reinterpreted due to contextual and platform-specific factors. SPIN conceptualizes political incivility as a three-stage process whose trajectory is shaped by the recursive interplay of actors, platforms, and audiences.