This chapter critically reflects on the contributions of this thesis, evaluating their potential impact on the development of future DRL-based machine scheduling systems, but also their limitations. Notably, each chapter and subchapter that directly addresses a research question (Chaps. 4–7, and Subchapters 6.1 and 6.2) already features a dedicated discussion of its respective contributions and limitations. These in-depth analyses are only briefly summarized here, and readers seeking more details are referred to the corresponding sections. Instead, the emphasis of this chapter is on evaluating the addressed research questions and contributions in the broader context of advancing DRL-based machine scheduling.