This chapter presents an overview of German-Israeli relations from 1949 to 1982, when Helmut Kohl assumed office as chancellor. Germany found itself in a predicament when it came to its relationship with Israel. The Jewish state and Germany, the country that orchestrated the Shoah, share a special bond. However, Germany’s economic interests suggested maintaining close relations with Arab countries due to their crucial role as major oil suppliers and a lucrative export market. This put Germany in a difficult position and led to inconsistent policies. However, security and defense cooperation between Germany and Israel preceded official diplomatic relations and evolved into a core issue of bilateral relations. This cooperation boosted the military capabilities and security of both countries and established the foundation of trust necessary for political-level cooperation. Therefore, the history of German-Israeli defense cooperation is fundamental to their relationship.