Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a non-invasive, real-time imaging modality that can be used for in-situ, in-vivo imaging and the microstructural analysis of mucous structures. The diagnosis using CLE is, however, complicated by images being hard to interpret for non-experienced physicians. Utilizing machine learning as an augmentative tool would hence be beneficial, but is complicated by the shortage of histopathology-correlated CLE sequences with respect to the plurality of patterns in this domain, leading to overfitting of models. To overcome this, self-supervised learning (SSL) can be employed on larger unlabeled datasets. CLE is a video-based modality with high inter-frame correlation, leading to a non-stratified data distribution for SSL training. In this work, we propose a filter functionality on CLE video sequences to reduce the dataset redundancy in SSL training and improve training convergence and training efficiency. We use four state-of-the-art baseline networks and a SSL teacher-student network for the evaluation. These networks were evaluated on downstream tasks for a sinonasal tumor dataset and a squamous cell carcinoma of the skin dataset. On both datasets, we found the highest test accuracy on the filtered SSL-pretrained model, with 67.48% and 73.52%, both considerably outperforming their non-SSL baselines. Our results show that SSL is effective for CLE pretraining. Further, we show that our proposed video filter can be utilized to improve training efficiency in self-supervised scenarios, resulting in a reduction of 67% in training time.

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Filtering Scheme for Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CLE)-video Sequences for Self-supervised Learning

  • Nils Porsche,
  • Flurin Müller-Diesing,
  • Sweta Banerjee,
  • Miguel Goncalves,
  • Marc Aubreville

摘要

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a non-invasive, real-time imaging modality that can be used for in-situ, in-vivo imaging and the microstructural analysis of mucous structures. The diagnosis using CLE is, however, complicated by images being hard to interpret for non-experienced physicians. Utilizing machine learning as an augmentative tool would hence be beneficial, but is complicated by the shortage of histopathology-correlated CLE sequences with respect to the plurality of patterns in this domain, leading to overfitting of models. To overcome this, self-supervised learning (SSL) can be employed on larger unlabeled datasets. CLE is a video-based modality with high inter-frame correlation, leading to a non-stratified data distribution for SSL training. In this work, we propose a filter functionality on CLE video sequences to reduce the dataset redundancy in SSL training and improve training convergence and training efficiency. We use four state-of-the-art baseline networks and a SSL teacher-student network for the evaluation. These networks were evaluated on downstream tasks for a sinonasal tumor dataset and a squamous cell carcinoma of the skin dataset. On both datasets, we found the highest test accuracy on the filtered SSL-pretrained model, with 67.48% and 73.52%, both considerably outperforming their non-SSL baselines. Our results show that SSL is effective for CLE pretraining. Further, we show that our proposed video filter can be utilized to improve training efficiency in self-supervised scenarios, resulting in a reduction of 67% in training time.