In this chapter, we will focus on the question already raised in the chapters above: the change in the two main pillars of the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources—sovereignty of States and the right of self-determination. First, we will take a closer look at the “evanescent” State sovereignty, particularly in the context of climate change and environmental degradation, followed by the reinterpretation of the right to self-determination in the special case of inundations caused by climate change. This will also provoke us to reinterpret the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources.