This paper explores the complex relationship between Islam and violence by examining theological, historical, and sociopolitical dimensions within Islamic tradition. It traces the role of violence in pre-Islamic Arab tribal culture and analyses how Qur'anic revelation and prophetic practice responded to and redefined existing norms. Drawing on primary sources—the Qur'an and Sunna—as well as classical and modern interpretations, the study highlights how theological frameworks have been used to both limit and justify violence. Particular attention is given to how certain Hadiths, political doctrines, and historical power structures contributed to a legitimising narrative of religiously sanctioned violence. Furthermore, the article addresses contemporary Islamist mobilisation of victimhood and anti-Western sentiment as a means to justify aggression. It concludes that a critical, context-sensitive hermeneutics is essential to disarm theological justifications for violence and to revive Islam's foundational principles of mercy, justice, and coexistence.