Knowledge for Free People
摘要
Three years after “Against Method,” Paul Feyerabend followed up with “Science in a Free Society.” Now, he was calling not only for a scientific pluralism, but for the “equal rights of all traditions” within a society. To distill the essence of his arguments in “Science in a Free Society,” Feyerabend coined the slogan “Citizen initiatives instead of philosophy,” and a few pages later, “Citizen initiatives instead of epistemology.” In a free society, it should be the citizens of a region, a city, or a village—and not clueless intellectuals—who decide on the value and use of ideas, theories, and traditions. But what happens if the citizens themselves are so entrenched in their own traditions that they are virtually unable to see beyond the boundaries of their self-created and inherited sociocultural constructions, and, as we would say today, seek the reference systems for their initiatives within their own group-specific echo chambers? Such transgressions are also what Feyerabend envisions. Rational research, he argues, is often only temporarily useful, and the “tradition(s) of the white man” cannot serve as a universal guideline. These traditions have brought too much harm into the world. The “democratic principles as proclaimed by white men (and women), as they are practiced today, are incompatible with the undisturbed existence, development, and growth of specific cultures.”