Trust and distrust play a central role in the field of religion and spirituality. (A) From a theological perspective, this contribution conceptualizes belief as a phenomenon of trust and doubt as a form of religious mistrust. A theological analysis identifies evaluative criteria that determine whether religious trust and religious doubt are associated with well-being or with health impairments. (B) Furthermore, from a social perspective, there are various areas within the religious field where questions of trust are relevant. On the one hand, religious practice can both strengthen and weaken trust in social relationships, with a distinction to be made between relationships within and outside religious communities. On the other hand, for religious individuals, trust in religious leaders plays a particularly important role. This is examined in the context of the relationship between congregation members and pastors.