“Numerous factors contribute to citizens’ perceptions of the quality of the electoral process […]”. As stated in Chap. 17, these factors can be broadly distinguished following Birch (2008, 307) into those relating to the institutional design of a political system, contextual factors, as well as individual-level variations. However, most of the research on electoral integrity has “[paid little attention] to individual-level determinants, beyond their inclusion as control variables”.