Standing on the Shoulders of Giants—But which Giant to Choose?
摘要
While the last part of the thesis took a theoretical perspective to develop a conceptualization of electoral integrity that captures the concept adequately from a citizen’s perspective, Part III is dedicated to the other side of the coin—the empirical measurement of the concept. As the introductory quote highlights, “getting the measurement of election integrity right, [is not an easy task]” (van Ham 2015, 732). As with the various available conceptualizations of electoral integrity in the field, there is a multitude of measurement instruments available to researchers, varying in the mode of data collection, the number of items involved, the scales applied, and the wordings chosen.