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The automotive industry is facing a demand for lowering CO2 emission. For commercial vehicles, H2 internal combustion engines (ICE), are of growing interest due to VECTO and zero emission regulations. Within the framework of the joint project WaVe (WasserstoffVerbrennungsmotor – Hydrogen Combustion Engine) studies were conducted on a 1.3 l H2 single-cylinder test engine in cooperation with KIT and Fraunhofer ICT. The type of fuel injection configuration is a decisive factor for the achievable engine performance. Both hardware configurations, port fuel injection (PFI) and low-pressure direct injection (LPDI), were investigated. Focus was to achieve or even exceed the indicated mean pressure of a comparable diesel engine at high thermal efficiency. In theory, LPDI offers an advantage in volumetric efficiency over the PFI concept. However, mixture homogenization, which is critical for hydrogen combustion, is challenging. Therefore, IAV designed nozzle caps for an LPDI injector via 3D-CFD simulation, to compensate for this disadvantage. These nozzle caps were examined on the single-cylinder test engine regarding their influence on mixture formation and combustion. Further investigations focused on the optimization of the spark plug as well as the introduction of EGR.

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WaVe: H2 Internal Combustion Engine LPDI Combustion Process Development for an Increase of Power Density

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Martin Weber,
  • Nils Bronder,
  • Thomas Kemski,
  • Hein Beier,
  • Axel Seiffert,
  • Lorenz von Roemer,
  • Florian Sobek,
  • Hubertus Ulmer,
  • Thaddäus Delebinski

摘要

The automotive industry is facing a demand for lowering CO2 emission. For commercial vehicles, H2 internal combustion engines (ICE), are of growing interest due to VECTO and zero emission regulations. Within the framework of the joint project WaVe (WasserstoffVerbrennungsmotor – Hydrogen Combustion Engine) studies were conducted on a 1.3 l H2 single-cylinder test engine in cooperation with KIT and Fraunhofer ICT. The type of fuel injection configuration is a decisive factor for the achievable engine performance. Both hardware configurations, port fuel injection (PFI) and low-pressure direct injection (LPDI), were investigated. Focus was to achieve or even exceed the indicated mean pressure of a comparable diesel engine at high thermal efficiency. In theory, LPDI offers an advantage in volumetric efficiency over the PFI concept. However, mixture homogenization, which is critical for hydrogen combustion, is challenging. Therefore, IAV designed nozzle caps for an LPDI injector via 3D-CFD simulation, to compensate for this disadvantage. These nozzle caps were examined on the single-cylinder test engine regarding their influence on mixture formation and combustion. Further investigations focused on the optimization of the spark plug as well as the introduction of EGR.