In the field of health models, the pathogenetic models can essentially be traced back to the biomedical model, and the salutogenic models to Antonovsky’s model. Therefore, these two basic models are presented in more detail in this chapter, and in addition, the sociological approach and the biopsychosocial model are explained as significant developments within the framework of the biomedical model. Furthermore, the chapter discusses health promotion, which conceptually focuses on salutogenic resources and potentials and distinguishes preventive measures according to the structure and specificity model. The explanations in this chapter indicate that health goes beyond purely biopsychic aspects and that the social perspective leads to an important expansion, especially in connection with addiction problems and the necessary approaches in health promotion and prevention as well as in counseling, treatment, and care.