While a function’s alignment with both organizational characteristics and the external environment positively impacts business performance, its misalignment can have a detrimental impact. This dissertation examines three specific misalignment problems in supply management that occur either internally within the buying company (intra-organizational misalignment) or externally between the buying company and its suppliers (inter-organizational misalignment) to provide insights into their causes and propose first solutions. Thematically, the problems investigated relate to sustainability (Essay 1 and Essay 2) and new product development (NPD; Essay 3), which are two key competitive priorities for companies. These three problems are empirically examined using qualitative and quantitative primary data. The findings yield significant implications for scholars and managers, both when addressing each problem individually and when synthesizing the findings across the three problems.