The present article undertakes an analysis of the integration of evolutionary principles into the field of psychology within the framework of Evolutionary Psychology. The article goes on to present Behavioral Selection Theory as a new, evolutionarily grounded paradigm for a natural scientific psychology. In the context of a historical scientific presentation, the significance of the cognitive turn for the theoretical diversification within psychology is explained. The revitalisation of mentalistic concepts that took place during this period can be understood as a counter-revolution against the prevailing behaviourist paradigm of the time. The integration of the theory strand of a behavioural scientific psychology, which was abandoned as a result, into a selectionist paradigm based on evolutionary considerations allows for the development of a general explanatory principle for behaviour: Selection by Consequences. Behavioral Selection Theory, which builds on this, integrates different forms of behavior control mechanisms that can adapt behaviour to stable or dynamic environmental conditions over generations or through recurring confrontations with contexts. In contrast to evolutionary psychology, which relies solely on natural selection to explain regularities in behaviour, the theory corpus of behavioral selection theory also encompasses mechanisms for rapid adaptation to dynamically changing environments, anticipatory adaptation, and the acceleration of selection processes within social configurations. It may very well be the case, that with this and the explicit inclusion of mental phenomena as explananda, the Behavioral Selection Theory has the potential to become an evolutionarily grounded general paradigm of psychology.