This paper assesses the possible expansion of industrial capacity for the production of advanced biofuels, as to meet the projected policy-driven demand. It is based on the assessment and findings of the study “Development of outlook for the necessary means to build industrial capacity for drop-in advanced biofuels” carried out for the European Commission in 2023, but solely reflects the view of the authors. Considering limitations on the uptake of zero emission end-use technologies and other fuels, the study finds that 15 to 19 Mtoe of advanced biofuels and biomethane will be needed to fulfil the 2030 targets. While under current market conditions it seems unlikely that production capacity will sufficiently expand, sufficient capacity-building would be possible from a technological point of view. These estimates are based on a survey to 140 biofuel technology providers, interviews with 10 industry associations and 9 leading technology providers, and assessments of 6 industry experts and academics on specific biofuels technologies and 6 high-level experts with a broad view.