Throughout the previous chapters, we have traced the emergence of contemporary fabrics of cross-border cooperation as an interplay between top-down impulses and parallel bottom-up initiatives of interregional and intermunicipal cross-border ties. Within the context of the European Union, this overarching shift from a centralisation of power and competencies at the national level towards an increasingly decentralised policy field in which subnational and non-state actors contribute to agenda-setting and policy formulation has been conceptualised in terms of a multilevel governance. Broadly speaking, the perspective on European governance as a multilevel governance is embedded within a larger shift “from government to governance”, was developed in close empirical observation of EC/EU reforms touching upon the roles of regional actors within European structures and policies, and provides a simplified framework for understanding new ways of managing interdependencies through assemblages of “territorial” and “functional” governance spanning below and sideways from the traditional nation state.