Expectations of the Efficacy of Voluntary Abstinence from Food: Godly Fasting, Political Hunger Striking, Aesthetic Dieting
摘要
Hunger can also be self-selected and thus pursue different objectives. Intentional hunger(s) show up in different variety and variance. Hunger strike is used for the enforcement of political intentions. In the form of fasting periods in faith community contexts, the renunciation of food is evaluated as an expression of particularly intensive faith, or the voluntary renunciation of food is, for example, health-oriented or medically motivated as a therapeutic fast or diet for weight reduction. Aesthetic points of view, like a slim body ideal, belong likewise to the freiwilligen hunger(n) to it. In addition, history knows various forms of hunger(n), which offered spectacle and variety for the public, when, for example, “miracle girls” claimed to be able to get by without food and the society concerned was unable to decide whether either fraud, the devil or God was guiding their actions. “Starvation artists” had their heyday in the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, led by questions about how much and how long a person could go without food. “Hunger artists” were put on display at fairs or in the middle of restaurants in cities, while around them dining people watched the starving. Although hunger was, of course, widespread among the population, people were impressed and fascinated by the extreme manifestations of hunger, despite their own everyday experience of hunger, which was sometimes present on all sides.